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# Index: L

la function : 10.9. Shell Functions
last access time : 21.5. What Good Is a File's Last Access Time?
  deleting by : 23.20. Deleting Stale Files
last modification : (see modification time, file)
lastcomm command : 39.6. lastcomm: What Commands Are Running and How Long Do They Take?
  addup script using : 49.7. Total a Column with addup
leave program : 48.5. leave: A Maddening Aid to Quitting on Time
left angle bracket : (see <)
left bracket : (see [ ] (brackets))
length command (awk) : 33.11.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands
lensort script
  36.8. lensort: Sort Lines by Length
  52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
less command : 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
less utility : 25.3. Using more to Page Through Files
  -s option : 16.22. Comparing Two Directory Trees with dircmp
lesskey program : 25.4. The "less" Pager: More than "more"
lf script
  16.7. ls Shortcuts: ll, lf, lg, etc.
  52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
lg script : 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
libraries
  functions defined in : 52.8.2.7. Functions, Libraries, and Header Files
  linking with : 52.8.2.7. Functions, Libraries, and Header Files
  in /usr/lib : 52.8.2.7. Functions, Libraries, and Header Files
limit filesize command : 24.5. Limiting File Sizes
line #: ;; unexpected : 46.1.4. Missing or Extra esac, ;;, fi, etc.
line drawings : 43.12.1. troff
line editing : (see batch editing)
line function : 44.13. read: Reading from the Keyboard
line numbers : 25.21. Numbering Lines
  resetting : 46.1.5. Line Numbers Reset Inside Redirected Loops
line spacing : 25.12. Double Space, Triple Space ...
line-kill character : 9.2. Fix a Line Faster with Line-Kill and Word-Erase
line-wrapping : 42.5. Checklist: Screen Size Messed Up?
lines in files
  counting : 29.6. Counting Lines, Words, and Characters: wc
  searching for : 45.11. The Multipurpose jot Command
linespeed switches : 5.3. Setting the Terminal Type When You Log In
links : 18.4. More About Links
  between directories : 18.7. Linking Directories
  copying : 18.15. Copying Directory Trees with cp -r
  creating/removing : 18.5. Creating and Removing Links
  to directories : 18.4.2. Links to a Directory
  disk space and : 24.4. Save Space with a Link
  errors caused by : 50.12. Common UNIX Error Messages
  to filenames
    18.4.1. Differences Between Hard and Symbolic Links
    44.22. Finding a Program Name; Multiple Program Names
    45.13. Save Disk Space and Programming: Multiple Names for a Program
  finding : 17.22. Finding the Links to a File
  hard : (see hard links)
  invalid : 18.6. Stale Symbolic Links
  to programs
    44.22. Finding a Program Name; Multiple Program Names
    45.13. Save Disk Space and Programming: Multiple Names for a Program
  relinking : 18.14. Relinking Multiple Symbolic Links
  symbolic : (see symbolic links)
list.base program : 48.10. Working with Names and Addresses
literal percent sign, creating : 40.14. Including Standard Input Within a cron Entry
Litmaath, Maarten : 13.16. Store and Show Errors with logerrs
ll script : 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
lm script : 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
ln command
  18.5. Creating and Removing Links
  52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
  -s option
    18.5. Creating and Removing Links
    18.7. Linking Directories
lndir program : 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
lndir script : 18.7. Linking Directories
load averages
  39.7. Checking System Load: uptime
  39.12.1. The CPU
local dictionary files : 29.1. The UNIX spell Command
locate program : 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
locate script : 17.18. Using "Fast find"
lockfiles
  45.36. Shell Lockfile
  (see also file permissions)
  creating : 45.36. Shell Lockfile
  examples : 45.36. Shell Lockfile
log command (awk) : 33.11.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands
LOGDIR environment variable
  6.3. Predefined Environment Variables
  14.11. Finding (Anyone's) Home Directory, Quickly
logerrs script
  13.16. Store and Show Errors with logerrs
  52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
logging in
  2.1. Customizing the Shell
  38.2. fork and exec
  to another user's account : 22.22. The su Command Isn't Just for the Superuser
  changing login sequence : 2.12. Automatic Setups for Different Terminals
  multiple sessions : 22.22.1. Ending or Suspending
  showing login messages once : 2.15. Unclutter Logins: Show Login Messages Just Once
  showing new message lines : 2.14. motd.diff: Show New Lines in Login Messages
logging, disk space and : 24.2. Save Space with Bit Bucket Log Files and Mailboxes
logical operators : (see operators, logical)
.login file
  2.2.2. C Shell
  2.7. C Shell Setup Files Aren't Read When You Want Them to Be?
  2.8. Identifying Login Shells
  2.12. Automatic Setups for Different Terminals
  if statements in : 47.3. Conditional Statements with if
  once-a-day setup : 2.5.3. Once-a-Day Setup
  setting search path : 8.7.1. Setting Path in Shell Setup Files
  setting terminal type : 5.3. Setting the Terminal Type When You Log In
login shells
  2.2. Shell Setup Files-Which, Where, and Why
  2.2.2. C Shell
  2.8. Identifying Login Shells
  51.9. Making a "Login" Shell
  identifying : 2.8. Identifying Login Shells
  unapproved : 2.16. Approved Shells: Using Unapproved Login Shell
loginshell variable : 2.8. Identifying Login Shells
LOGNAME environment variable
  6.3. Predefined Environment Variables
  6.9. Special C Shell Variables
.logout file
  2.2.2. C Shell
  3.1. Running Commands When You Log Out
long-line wrapping : 42.6.3. Set Width, Test Line Wrapping: longlines
longlines file
  42.6.3. Set Width, Test Line Wrapping: longlines
  52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
look command
  27.18. Fast Searches and Spelling Checks with "look"
  29.3. How Do I Spell That Word?
  52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
lookfor script
  17.21. lookfor: Which File Has that Word?
  52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
loops
  1.5. Anyone Can Program the Shell
  44.10. Loops That Test Exit Status
  (see also under specific loop names)
  alias definition : 10.6. Avoiding C Shell Alias Loops
  basename command used in : 45.18.2. Use with Loops
  in Bourne shells : 44.10. Loops That Test Exit Status
  dirname command used in : 45.18.2. Use with Loops
  exit status of : 45.19. A while Loop with Several Loop Control Commands
  find command used in : 45.18.2. Use with Loops
  for : (see for loop)
  foreach : (see foreach loop)
  if-then-else : 10.7. How to Put if-then-else in a C Shell Alias
  increment number in : 45.11. The Multipurpose jot Command
  jot command in : 45.11. The Multipurpose jot Command
  parameters for : 9.11. Repeating a Command with a foreach Loop
  split command used in : 45.18.2. Use with Loops
  testing exit status : 44.10. Loops That Test Exit Status
lp command : 43.2.1. System V Printing Commands
lp spooler, defined : 43.1. Introduction to Printing
lpc help command : 43.3. Printer Control with lpc
lpc restart command : 43.3. Printer Control with lpc
lpc status command : 43.2.2. Berkeley Printing Commands
lpq command : 43.2.2. Berkeley Printing Commands
  shell script running : 38.11. Printer Queue Watcher: A Restartable Daemon Shell Script
lpr command : 43.2.2. Berkeley Printing Commands
  errors caused by : 50.12. Common UNIX Error Messages
  examples : 44.16. Handling Command-Line Arguments with a for Loop
lpr spooler, defined : 43.1. Introduction to Printing
lprm command : 43.2.2. Berkeley Printing Commands
lpstat command : 43.2.1. System V Printing Commands
lr command : 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
ls command
  2.15. Unclutter Logins: Show Login Messages Just Once
  16.3. Reordering ls Listings
  16.6. clf, cls: "Compressed" ls Listings
  16.9. An Alias to List Recently Changed Files
  52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
  -A option : 16.11. Showing Hidden Files with ls -A and -a
  -a option : 16.11. Showing Hidden Files with ls -A and -a
  aliases for
    16.7. ls Shortcuts: ll, lf, lg, etc.
    16.12. Useful ls Aliases
  -b option : 16.14. Showing Non-Printable Characters in Filenames
  -c option : 16.2. Finding Oldest or Newest Files with ls -t and ls -u
  -C option
    16.3. Reordering ls Listings
    16.12. Useful ls Aliases
  -ctime option : 21.6. A File's Inode Change (not "Creation"!) Time
  -d option : 16.8. The ls -d Option
  -F option
    16.6. clf, cls: "Compressed" ls Listings
    16.12. Useful ls Aliases
    18.6. Stale Symbolic Links
  file searches with : 9.24. Get File List by Editing Output of ls -l, grep, etc.
  filenames and : 1.16. Wildcards
  -i option
    1.22. How UNIX Keeps Track of Files: Inodes
    18.4.1. Differences Between Hard and Symbolic Links
  -l option
    1.22. How UNIX Keeps Track of Files: Inodes
    16.25. Listing Files by Age and Size
    16.29. sls: Super ls with Format You Can Choose
    22.15. Juggling Permissions
  -L option : 18.6. Stale Symbolic Links
  -ld option : 21.8.1.3. Watching Directories
  links and : 18.4.1. Differences Between Hard and Symbolic Links
  -m option : 16.7. ls Shortcuts: ll, lf, lg, etc.
  -q option : 16.13. Can't Access a File? Look for Spaces in the Name
  -r option : 16.3. Reordering ls Listings
  -R option : 16.4. List All Subdirectories with ls -R
  -s option : 17.14. Searching for Files by Size
  -t option : 16.2. Finding Oldest or Newest Files with ls -t and ls -u
  terminfo database and : 5.10. Finding What Terminal Names You Can Use
  -u option
    16.2. Finding Oldest or Newest Files with ls -t and ls -u
    16.3. Reordering ls Listings
  -x option : 16.3. Reordering ls Listings
ls_today script
  16.18. Listing Files You've Created/Edited Today
  52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
lsdel program : 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc

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