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| Chapter 2 UNIX Commands |

## od

    od [options] [file] [[+] offset[. | b]]

Octal dump; produce a dump (normally octal) of the named `file`. `file` is displayed from its beginning, unless you specify an `offset` (normally in octal bytes). In the descriptions below, a "word" is a 16-bit unit.

### Options

-b

  Display bytes as octal.

-c

  Display bytes as ASCII.

-d

  Display words as unsigned decimal.

-D

  Display 32-bit words as unsigned decimal.

-f

  Display 32-bit words as floating point.

-F

  Display 64-bit words as extended precision.

-o

  Display words as unsigned octal (the default).

-O

  Display 32-bit words as unsigned octal.

-s

  Display words as signed decimal.

-S

  Display 32-bit words as signed decimal.

-v

  Verbose; show all data. Duplicate lines print as *.

-x

  Display words as hexadecimal.

-X

  Display 32-bit words as hexadecimal.

+

  Required before `offset` if `file` isn't specified.

### Modifiers for offset

.

  `offset` value is decimal.

b

  `offset` value is 512-byte blocks.

Reference: nroff |  | Reference: openwin